Table 4.
Muscle strength
| Study Groups | Study Phases |
Percent Changes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (B) | Bed Rest (BR) | Recovery (R) | BR − B | R − BR | R − B | |
| Lower body muscle strength, lbs | ||||||
| AA | 214±39 | 166±34 | 182±33 | −22.4±5.8% | 9.6±10.3% | −14.9±11.8% |
| RT | 236±42 | 217±42 | 233±42 | −8.0±11.3% | 7.4±12.6% | −1.4±7.8% |
| AART | 218±37 | 205±37 | 215±39 | −6.0±6.1% | 4.5±5.4% | −1.4±7.5% |
| P value, time-by-group interactions: | 0.01 | 0.49 | 0.04 | |||
| Upper body muscle strength, lbs | ||||||
| AA | 194±69 | 180±68 | 185±58 | −7.1±7.4% | 2.8±6.3% | −4.6±9.3% |
| RT | 233±49 | 245±48 | 245±49 | 5.1±8.8% | 0±7.1% | 5.1±4.8% |
| AART | 219±45 | 230±47 | 227±46 | 5.0±4.0% | −1.3±3.9% | 3.6±5.5% |
| P value, time-by-group interactions: | 0.001 | 0.36 | 0.02 | |||
Data are means ± SD; n = 7 for AA group, n = 12 for RT group, and n = 12 for AART group. See Table 1 for description of study groups. P values shown represent time-by-group interactions for comparisons between end of bed rest and baseline, end of recovery and end of bed rest, end of recovery and baseline, as determined by repeated-measures ANOVA with energy intake as a covariate.