A, increases in brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity (BAT SNA), BAT temperature (TBAT), expired (Exp.) CO2 and heart rate (HR) that were evoked by reducing temperature of rat trunk skin (Tskin) were no longer observed after bilateral nanoinjections (dashed lines) of muscimol into the external lateral part of the LPB (LPBel); vertical scale bar represents 100 μV for BAT SNA. B, representative view of a nanoinjection site in the LPBel as identified with fluorescent beads (arrow). Abbreviations: LPBc, central part of the LPB; LPBd, dorsal part of the LPB; and Me5, mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus; scale bar represents 0.5 mm. Modified with permission from Nakamura & Morrison (2008a).