Table 1. HIV- Modulated Enzymes and Kinases Associated with Fatty Acid Synthesis and Lipid Metabolism.
| Protein Name | Abbrev. | Acces. # | Putative Function | P-value | Location |
| Long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase 1 (synonym: Acyl-CoA synthetase 1) | ACSL1 | P41215 | Provides activated intermediates for complex lipid synthesis, protein modification, and beta-oxidation | 0.005 to 0.02 | mitochondria/endoplasmic reticulum/peroxisome/microsomal membrane |
| Complement C3 precursor | CO3 (C3) | P01024 | Peptidase that promotes virus infection and fatty acid synthesis; cooperates with other lipogenic proteins in removal of triaclglycerols | 0.0002 to 0.005 | extra-cellular space |
| Fatty acid synthase | FAS (FASN) | P49327 | Lipogenic enzyme:catalyzes formation of long-chain fatty acids | 0.02 | cytoplasm, melanosome |
| Glutathione peroxidase | GPX1 | P07203 | Antioxidant enzyme that detoxifies lipid hydroperoxides | 0.01 | cytoplasm |
| Protein kinase C beta type | KPCB (PRKCB1) | P05771 | Is involved in generation of phosphatidylethanolamine, a lipid found in biological membranes | 0.01 | cytoplasm, peripheral membrane |
| Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase C2 domain-containing beta polypeptide | P3C2B (PIK3C2B) | O00750 | Lipid kinase activity– phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol in the cell membrane | 0.02 | plasma membrame, cytoplasm, microsome, nucleus |
| Protein disulfide isomerase A3 precursor | PDIA3* | P30101 | Essential for the formation of APOB;catalyzes rearrangement of -S-S- bonds in proteins | 0.02 | endoplasmic reticulum lumen, melanosome |
All proteins except PDIA3 (*) were upregulated compared to the counterpart uninfected cells or were synthesized de novo in HIV-infected cells. Protein names, abbreviations, locations and accession numbers are from SwissProt and are presented in alphabetical order. Putative functions of each protein are related to biological processes involved in various aspects of lipid metabolism. Significance associated with lipid metabolism was calculated by Fisher Exact Test using software from Ingenuity Systems Inc. A p-value of <0.05 represents a statistically significant non-random association of a specific protein with a lipid-related function in the Global Functional Analysis.