Table 1.
Parameters used in economic model
| Parameter | Distribution | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Total cost (£): | ||
| Cervical screen | Normal mean 55 (SD 4.4) | 18; 13 |
| Colposcopy | Normal mean 216 (SD 81) | 20 |
| Treatment for precancerous lesions* | Normal mean 332 (SD 27) | 19; 20 |
| Lifetime cost of cancer treatment | ||
| Stage I | Lognormal based on normal mean 9.30 (SD 0.63) | 28 |
| Stage II | Lognormal based on normal mean 9.68 (SD 0.82) | 28 |
| Stage III | Lognormal based on normal mean 9.84 (SD 0.50) | 28 |
| Stage IV | Lognormal based on normal mean 9.53 (SD 1.01) | 28 |
| Treatment for warts | Normal 134 (SD 9.08) | 34 |
| Vaccine cost (per dose) | Uniform 60.00, 80.50 | Market price |
| Administration cost (per dose): school based | Normal mean 4.37 (SD 1.09) | 15 |
| Administration cost (per dose): general practitioner based | Normal mean 10 (SD 2.5) | 13 |
| Total QALY detriment: | ||
| Positive Pap smear result received | Normal mean 0.03 (SD 0.015) | 24; 26; 27 |
| Colposcopy result received | ||
| Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 | Normal mean 0.012 (SD 0.031) | 24; 26; 27 |
| Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 | Normal mean 0.065 (SD 0.0051) | 24; 26; 27 |
| Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 | Normal mean 0.054 (SD 0.051) | 24; 26; 27 |
| Year of treatment | ||
| Cancer stage I | Normal mean 0.35 (SD 0.082) | 29 |
| Cancer stage II | Normal mean 0.44 (SD 00.71) | 29 |
| Cancer stage III | Normal mean 0.44 (SD 0.071) | 29 |
| Cancer stage IV | Normal mean 0.52 (SD 0.061) | 29 |
| Year of post-treatment | ||
| Cancer stage I | Normal mean 0.10 (SD 0.066) | 29 |
| Cancer stage II | Normal mean 0.15 (SD 0.077) | 29 |
| Cancer stage III | Normal mean 0.15 (SD 0.077) | 29 |
| Cancer stage IV | Normal mean 0.38 (SD 0.061) | 29 |
| Warts diagnosed | Normal mean 0.039 (SD 0.017) | 32 |
| Sensitivity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 | Triangular 0.17, 0.69, 0.99 | 23 |
| Specificity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 | Triangular 0.09, 0.81, 1.00 | 23 |
| Sensitivity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3 | Triangular 0.23, 0.83, 1.00 | 23 |
| Specificity for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3 | Triangular 0.21, 0.92, 1.00 | 23 |
| Years after treatment with reduced life quality | Triangular 0, 5, 100 | Assumed |
| Multiplier for cancer survival rates | Normal mean 1.00 (SD 0.022) | 29 |
| Duration (days) of anogenital warts episode | Normal mean 52.6 (SD 5.08) | 31 |
| Proportion of girls receiving only 1 dose | Normal mean 2 (SD 0.5) | 14 |
| Proportion of girls receiving only 2 doses | Normal mean 9 (SD 2.25) | 14 |
QALY=quality adjusted life years. £1.00 (€1.26; $1.98).
*Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 1, 2, or 3.