Table 1.
Anopheles species known to be capable of transmitting >1 species of Plasmodium, singly or concurrently
| Anopheles | Single-species infections
|
Mixed-species infections
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FAL | MAL | OVA | VIV | Refs | Refs (Field) | Refs (EXP) | |
| An. albimanus Wiedemann | x | x | x | Beach et al. 1992, Molineaux 1988, Olano et al. 1985 | |||
| An. amictus Edwards | x | x | Molineaux 1988 | ||||
| An. annularis van der Wulp | x | x | x | Amerasinghe et al. 1991 | |||
| An. annulipes Walker | x | x | Molineaux 1988 | ||||
| An. atroparvus Van Thiel | x | x | x | x | Molineaux 1988 | 28 FV | |
| An. balbacensis Baisis s.l. | x | x | x | Molineaux 1988 | |||
| An. bancrofti Giles | x | x | Molineaux 1988 | ||||
| An. culifacies Giles s.l. | x | x | Amerasinghe et al. 1991, Mendis et al. 1990 | 29 FV | |||
| An. darlingi Root | x | x | Klein et al. 1991a,b | ||||
| An. deaneorum Rosa-Freitas | x | x | Branquinho et al. 1993 | ||||
| An. dirus Peyton and Harrison | x | x | Baker et al. 1987, Gingrich et al. 1990, Harbach et al. 1987 | 27 FV | |||
| An. farauti Laveran | x | x | x | Burkot et al. 1987, Wirtz et al. 1987 | 19 FM/FV | ||
| An. fluviatilis James | x | x | 29 FV | ||||
| An. freeborni Aitken | x | x | x | Molineaux 1988 | |||
| An. funestus Giles | x | x | x | 5, 6, 30 FM/FO/MO/FMO | |||
| An. gambiae Giles s.l. | x | x | x | x | Collins & Roberts 1991 | 5, 6, 15, 30 FM/FO/MO/FMO | |
| An. koliensis Owen | x | x | Burkot et al. 1987, Wirtz et al. 1987 | ||||
| An. lindesayi pleccau Koidzumi | x | x | x | Lien 1991 | |||
| An. longirostis Brug | x | x | Molineaux 1988 | ||||
| An. ludlowae Theobald | x | x | x | Lien 1991 | |||
| An. maculatus Theobald | x | x | x | x | Lien 1991, Molineaux 1988 | 18 (F, M, V “mixed”) | |
| An. mediopunctatus Theobald | x | x | Klein et al. 1991a,b | ||||
| An. minimus Theobald | x | x | x | Gingrich et al. 1990, Harbach et al. 1987 | |||
| An. nigerrimus Giles | x | x | Baker et al. 1987 | ||||
| An. nili Theobald | x | x | Boudin et al. 1991 | ||||
| An. oswaldoi Peryassu | x | x | x | Branquinho et al. 1993, de Arruda et al. 1986 | |||
| An. peditaeniatus Leicester | x | x | Baker et al. 1987 | ||||
| An. punctipennis Say | x | x | x | Molineaux 1988 | |||
| An. punctulatus Doenitz | x | x | x | Burkot et al. 1987, Wirtz et al. 1987 | 2, 11, 12 FV | ||
| An. quadrimaculatus Say | x | x | x | x | Molineaux 1988 | 8 FV | |
| An. sacharovi Favre | x | x | Molineaux 1988 | ||||
| An. sinensis Wiedemann | x | x | x | Lien 1991 | |||
| An. splendidus Koidzumi | x | x | x | Lien 1991 | |||
| An stephensi Liston | x | x | x | x | Molineaux 1988 | 26 FV | |
| An. stipmaticus Skuse | x | x | Molineaux 1988 | ||||
| An. subpictus Grassi | x | x | x | Amerasinghe et al. 1991 | |||
| An. tessellatus Theobald | x | x | x | Gamage-Mendis et al. 1993, Lein 1991 | |||
| An. triannulatus Neiva and Pinto | x | x | Klein et al. 1991a,b | ||||
| An. vagus Donitz | x | x | Baker et al. 1987 | ||||
Refs, references; FAL or F, P. falciparum; MAL or M, P. malariae; OVA or O, P. ovale; VIV or V, P. vivax; FV, FM, FO, MO, or FMO, species in mixed infections; for field or experimental (EXP) studies. Beach et al. 1992; Collins & Roberts 1991; Klein et al, 1991a,b; Lien 1991; Olano et al, 1985 (for single-species infections) also involve experimental rather than field studies. Molineaux 1988 reviews microscopy-based studies. Boyd et al. 1937, Collins & Roberts 1991, Gamage-Mendis et al. 1993, Graves et al. 1988, Klein et al. 1991a,b, Lien 1991, Olano et al. 1985, Shute 1951 report results from microscopy; Amerasinghe et al. 1991, Anthony et al. 1992, Baker et al. 1987, Branquinho et al. 1993, Burkot et al. 1990, Burkot et al. 1992, Fontenille et al. 1992, Harbach et al. 1987. Mendis et al. 1990, Subbarao et al, 1992 from immunoassay; Beach et al. 1992, J. Beier et al. 1991, M. Beier et al 1988, Boudin et al. 1991, Burkot et al, 1987, de Arruda et al, 1986. Gingrich et al. 1990, Gordon et al. 1991, Ponnudurai et al. 1990, Rosenberg et al, 1990, Trape et al. 1994, Wirtz et al. 1987 from both. In nineteen of twenty references microscopy revealed salivary glands positive for sporozoites, but in de Arruda et al. 1986 only midguts positive for oocysts.