Figure 3.
(a) Differential signals from a bead held in the trap 2 μm from the surface, while the stage was moved in straight lines at constant speed in various directions. (b) Signal amplitude vs. force (in pico-Newtons) from the data of a. The forces were calculated by using the formula for viscous drag on a sphere at low Reynolds number, with a correction for the proximity of the surface (see text).