TABLE 2.
Odds ratios (ORs) for microalbuminuria (ACR 25−249 mg/g) according to 4 dietary patterns derived by principal components analysis in 5042 men and women from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)1
| OR (95% CI) |
P for trend2 | OR (95% CI) per SD difference in dietary pattern score3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | |||
| Fats and processed meats | |||||||
| ACR 25−249/ACR <25 (n) | 93/915 | 79/930 | 94/914 | 88/921 | 79/929 | ||
| Model 14 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.66, 1.28) | 1.31 (0.94, 1.83) | 1.31 (0.90, 1.88) | 1.36 (0.86, 2.13) | 0.15 | 1.13 (0.96, 1.33) |
| Model 25 | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.63, 1.23) | 1.25 (0.88, 1.76) | 1.27 (0.87, 1.85) | 1.29 (0.81, 2.04) | 0.19 | 1.12 (0.94, 1.33) |
| Vegetables and fish | |||||||
| ACR 25−249/ACR <25 (n) | 73/935 | 102/907 | 81/927 | 92/917 | 85/923 | ||
| Model 14 | 1.00 | 1.51 (1.09, 2.09) | 1.21 (0.86, 1.71) | 1.32 (0.93, 1.86) | 1.13 (0.74, 1.70) | 0.98 | 1.00 (0.87, 1.14) |
| Model 25 | 1.00 | 1.45 (1.04, 2.02) | 1.16 (0.82, 1.65) | 1.30 (0.91, 1.86) | 1.12 (0.74, 1.72) | 0.94 | 1.00 (0.87, 1.14) |
| Beans, tomatoes, and refined grains | |||||||
| ACR 25−249/ACR <25 (n) | 71/937 | 115/894 | 78/930 | 92/917 | 77/931 | ||
| Model 14 | 1.00 | 1.77 (1.29, 2.43) | 1.29 (0.91, 1.82) | 1.60 (1.13, 2.27) | 1.40 (0.92, 2.13) | 0.25 | 1.09 (0.94, 1.25) |
| Model 25 | 1.00 | 1.70 (1.23, 2.36) | 1.18 (0.83, 1.67) | 1.53 (1.07, 2.19) | 1.24 (0.81, 1.91) | 0.46 | 1.06 (0.92, 1.22) |
| Whole grains and fruit | |||||||
| ACR 25−249/ACR <25 (n) | 117/891 | 99/910 | 69/939 | 71/938 | 77/931 | ||
| Model 14 | 1.00 | 0.80 (0.59, 1.08) | 0.56 (0.40, 0.78) | 0.56 (0.39, 0.80) | 0.61 (0.42, 0.89) | 0.02 | 0.86 (0.76, 0.98) |
| Model 25 | 1.00 | 0.81 (0.59, 1.11) | 0.56 (0.40, 0.80) | 0.54 (0.37, 0.77) | 0.65 (0.45, 0.95) | 0.04 | 0.87 (0.76, 0.99) |
ACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; MET, metabolic equivalent.
P for trend across quintiles calculated with the original dietary pattern score modeled as a continuous variable.
OR (95% CI) for microalbuminuria per 1-SD difference (1.00) in dietary pattern score, adjusted as described above.
Adjusted for energy intake (kcal/d), study center (Baltimore County, MD; Forsyth County, NC; Los Angeles County, CA; New York, NY; St Paul, MN), age (y), sex (male, female), race/ethnicity (white, black, Chinese, Hispanic), education (<, =, > high school degree), active leisure-time physical activity (MET-h/wk), inactive leisure-time physical activity (MET-h/wk), current smoking status (yes, no), smoking duration (pack years), and current supplement use (≥weekly: yes, no).
Adjusted for the above plus waist circumference (cm), systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), and hypertension medication use.