TABLE 6.

Interactions between eGFR, and the whole grains and fruit dietary pattern scores, nuts and seeds intake, and low-fat dairy intake with respect to geometric mean ACR in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)¹

	Geometric mean ACR (95% CI)					P for trend2	β ± SE per SD difference in score or intake3
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5
Whole grains and fruit dietary pattern4
eGFR <60 mL·min−1·1.73m−2
n	65	84	76	101	105
Score range	−2.6 to −0.83	−0.82 to −0.34	−0.34 to 0.12	0.12 to 0.72	0.74 to 5.2
Model 1	15.6 (11.3, 21.4)	8.82 (6.97, 11.2)	7.88 (6.20, 10.0)	8.20 (6.60, 10.2)	6.99 (5.60, 8.74)	0.01	−0.177 ± 0.07
eGFR ≥60 mL·min−1·1.73m−2
n	938	920	927	903	900
Score range	−3.1 to −0.83	−0.82 to −0.34	−0.34 to 0.12	0.12 to 0.74	0.74 to 7.8
Model 1	7.36 (6.94, 7.79)	6.85 (6.49, 7.23)	6.52 (6.18, 6.88)	6.50 (6.15, 6.86)	6.42 (6.05, 6.80)	0.04	−0.029 ± 0.01
Nuts and seeds5
eGFR <60 mL·min−1·1.73m−2
n	100	96	113	122
Intake range (servings/d)	0.00 to 0.03	0.04 to 0.14	0.14 to 0.39	0.39 to 6.1
Model 1	10.3 (8.20, 12.8)	8.34 (6.72, 10.3)	8.54 (7.00, 10.4)	8.19 (6.73, 9.96)		0.058	−0.212 ± 0.11
eGFR ≥60 mL·min−1·1.73m−2
n	1157	1116	1176	1139
Intake range (servings/d)	0.00 to 0.03	0.04 to 0.14	0.14 to 0.39	0.39 to 6.8
Model 1	6.86 (6.53, 7.21)	6.82 (6.50, 7.16)	6.74 (6.43, 7.06)	6.47 (6.16, 6.80)		0.62	−0.014 ± 0.03
Low-fat dairy6
eGFR <60 mL·min−1·1.73m−2
n	101	87	131	112
Intake range (servings/d)	0.00 to 0.14	0.14 to 0.50	0.50 to 1.1	1.1 to 9.2
Model 1	9.20 (7.41, 11.4)	9.34 (7.43, 11.7)	9.18 (7.63, 11.1)	7.49 (6.05, 9.27)		0.08	−0.087 ± 0.05
eGFR ≥60 mL·min−11.73m−2
n	1139	1146	1165	1138
Intake range (servings/d)	0.00 to 0.14	0.14 to 0.50	0.50 to 1.1	1.1 to 12
Model 1	7.06 (6.72, 7.42)	6.78 (6.46, 7.12)	6.72 (6.41, 7.04)	6.35 (6.04, 6.67)		0.15	−0.016 ± 0.01

¹eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Model 1 was adjusted for energy intake (kcal/d), study center (Baltimore County, MD; Forsyth County, NC; Los Angeles County, CA; New York, NY; St. Paul, MN), age (y), sex (male, female), race/ethnicity (white, black, Chinese, Hispanic), education (<, =, > high school degree), active leisure-time physical activity (MET-h/wk), inactive leisure-time physical activity (MET-h/wk), current smoking status (yes, no), smoking duration (pack years), and current at least weekly supplement use (yes, no).

²P for trend across categories calculated with the dietary variable (dietary pattern score, or food group servings/d) modeled continuously.

³β ± SE for ACR per 1-serving/d difference in food group intake or per 1-SD difference in dietary pattern score, multivariable adjusted (as above).

⁴P for interaction < 0.001.

⁵P for interaction = 0.04.

⁶P for interaction with eGFR <60 versus ≥60 mL·min⁻¹·1.73m⁻² = 0.01.