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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Aug 8.
Published in final edited form as: Biotechniques. 2005 Jan;38(1):44–48. doi: 10.2144/05381BM04

Table 1.

Comparison of Transformation Protocols

Electroporation (3) Heat Shock (5) Condensed
Cell Preparation (2 h 45 min)
  1. Grow 500 mL cells to desired A600

  2. Centrifuge cellsa for 10 min

  3. Add 100 mL YPD/0.02 M HEPES

  4. Add 2.5 mL 1.0 M dithiothreitol (DTT) dropwise

  5. Incubate for 15 min with shaking at 30°C

  6. Add water to 500 mL

  7. Centrifuge cells for 10 min

  8. Resuspend in 500 mL water

  9. Centrifuge cells for 10 min

  10. Resuspend in 250 mL water

  11. Centrifuge cells for 10 min

  12. Resuspend in 20 mL 1.0 M sorbitol

  13. Pellet by centrifugation for 10 min

  14. Resuspend in 1 mL 1.0 M sorbitol

  15. Aliquot into individual 1.5 mL tubes

  16. Place in −80°C freezer until needed

Transformation (15 min)
  1. Mix DNA with cells in cuvette

  2. Incubate for 2 min on ice

  3. Pulse

  4. Add recovery medium (optional incubation for 1–3 h)

  5. Plate

Cell Preparation (25 min)
  1. Grow 10 mL cells to desired A600

  2. Centrifuge cellsb for 5 min

  3. Resuspend in 10 mL BEDS solution

  4. Centrifuge cells for 5 min

  5. Resuspend cells in 1 mL BEDS

  6. Aliquot into individual 1.5 mL tubes

  7. Place in −80°C freezer until needed

Transformation (1 h 45 min)
  1. Mix DNA with cells

  2. Add 1.4 mL 40% polyethylene glycol (PEG), 200 mM bicine, pH 8.3

  3. Incubate for 60 min at 30°C

  4. Heat shock at 42°C for 10 min (optional recovery for 1–3 h)

  5. Pellet cells for 5 min

  6. Resuspend cells in 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM bicine, pH 8.3

  7. Repeat steps e and f

  8. Plate

Cell Preparation (30 min)
  1. Grow 50 mL cells to desired A600

  2. Centrifuge cellsb for 5 min

  3. Resuspend in 9 mL BEDS + 1 mL 1.0 M dithiothreitol (DTT)

  4. Incubate for 5 min with shaking

  5. Centrifuge cells for 5 min

  6. Resuspend cells in 1 mL BEDS

  7. Aliquot into individual 1.5 mL tubes

  8. Place in −80°C freezer until needed

Transformation (15 min)
  1. Mix DNA with cells in cuvette

  2. Incubate for 2 min on ice

  3. Pulse

  4. Add recovery medium (optional incubation for 1–3 h)

  5. Plate

BEDS solution is composed of 10 mM bicine-NaOH, pH 8.3, 3% (v/v) ethylene glycol, 5% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 1 M sorbitol. YPD media is composed of 1% (w/v) yeast extract, 2% (w/v) peptone, and 2% (w/v) dextrose.

a

All centrifugation steps were at 4000× g at 4°C.

b

All centrifugation steps were at 500× g at room temperature.