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(A) Controls of probe specificity: protoplasts incubated without nanogold were processed for silver enhancement and no dark spots were visible in the cells. (B, C) FDA test of protoplast viability after 120 min of incubation during the time-course experiments (B; M= 55X) and after 500 μM sodium azide treatment (C; M=68X). In all samples, protoplasts showed FDA-dependent fluorescence, indicating intact cell membranes and viable protoplasts. Bar=50 nm.
