Table I. Studies dealing with biliary strictures mimicking ECC.
| n | ECC | Non-ECC (%) | Gallbladder cancer | Lithiasis | PSC | SSC | Others (malign) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hadjis 1985 8 | 104 | 96 | 8 (17) | 8 | ||||
| Wetter 1991 13 | 98 | 68 | 30 (31) | 12 | 2 | 6 | 10 | |
| Verbeek 1992 12 | 82 | 71 | 11 (13) | 11 | ||||
| Nakayama 1999 10 | 99 | 85 | 14 (14) | 14 | ||||
| Gerhards 2001 7 | 132 | 112 | 20 (15) | 3 | 17 | |||
| Knoefel 2003 14 | 33 | 27 | 6 (18) | 6 | ||||
| Koea 2004 9 | 49 | 28 | 21 (43) | 7 | 2 | 10 | 2 | |
| Corvera 2005 6 | 275 | 253 | 22 (8) | 6 | 3 | 13 | ||
| Are 2006 4 | 171 | 141 | 30 (18) | 16 | 1 | 8 | 5 |
ECC: extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; PSC: primary sclerosing cholangitis; SSC: secondary sclerosing cholangitis.