Table 3.
Current Clinical Characteristics of Subjects With Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) With and Without a Current Substance Use Disorder (SUD)
| Characteristic | BDD With SUD (N = 30) | BDD Without SUD (N = 146) | Statistica | p Value | Effect Sizeb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure scored, mean (± SD) | |||||
| BDD-YBOCS total | 30.9 (5.7) | 30.4 (6.7) | F = 0.13 | .72 | d = .08 |
| BABSc | 18.4 (4.1) | 16.0 (5.7) | F = 4.43 | .04 | d = .43 |
| Brief Social Phobia Scaled | 15.8 (14.5) | 17.5 (13.9) | F = 0.37 | .54 | d = .12 |
| 17-Item HAM-Dd | 9.9 (6.6) | 10.2 (6.9) | F = 0.04 | .83 | d = .04 |
| Social Adjustment Scale | 2.4 (0.5) | 2.4 (0.5) | F = 0.01 | .95 | d = .01 |
| Global Assessment of Functioning | 42.3 (11.5) | 46.0 (10.7) | F = 2.92 | .09 | d = .34 |
| LIFE-RIFT | 14.3 (3.1) | 13.7 (3.5) | F = 0.73 | .39 | d = .17 |
| Q-LES-Q short form | 56.4 (14.3) | 49.2 (17.1) | F = 2.53 | .11 | d = .43 |
| SF-36 subscales | |||||
| Mental health | 38.2 (19.1) | 41.3 (19.0) | F = 0.57 | .45 | d = .16 |
| Social functioning | 43.1 (24.1) | 44.7 (26.3) | F = 0.09 | .77 | d = .06 |
| Role limitations due to emotional problems | 16.0 (28.3) | 27.9 (37.1) | F = 2.45 | .12 | d = .33 |
| Current comorbid disorders, N (%) | |||||
| Major depressive disorder | 12 (40.0) | 56 (38.4) | χ2 = 0.03 | .87 | w = .02 |
| Dysthymia | 5 (16.7) | 9 (6.2) | χ2 = 3.75 | .05 | w = .22 |
| Bipolar disorder | 2 (6.7) | 9 (6.2) | χ2 = 0.01 | .92 | w = .00 |
| Any mood disorder | 18 (60.0) | 71 (48.6) | χ2 = 1.29 | .26 | w = .08 |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder | 6 (20.0) | 39 (26.7) | χ2 = 0.59 | .44 | w = .08 |
| Social phobia | 9 (30.0) | 52 (35.6) | χ2 = 0.35 | .56 | w = .05 |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0 (0) | 6 (4.1) | χ2 = 1.28 | .26 | w = .08 |
| Specific phobia | 5 (16.7) | 23 (15.8) | χ2 = 0.02 | .90 | w = .02 |
| Panic disorder | 4 (13.0) | 16 (11.0) | χ2 = 0.50 | .48 | w = .06 |
| Agoraphobia | 0 (0) | 2 (1.4) | χ2 = .42 | .52 | w = .05 |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 3 (10.0) | 4 (2.7) | χ2 = 3.43 | .06 | w = .18 |
| Any anxiety disorder | 16 (53.3) | 86 (58.9) | χ2 = 0.32 | .57 | w = .05 |
| Any eating disordere | 4 (13.3) | 14 (9.6) | χ2 = 0.38 | .54 | w = .03 |
χ2 (df = 3) or analysis of variance (df = 1).
For tests of the equality of 2 or more distributions over a set of 2 or more categories, Cohen uses the effect size w, where w = .10 is small, w = .30 is medium, and w = .50 is large. For tests of the equality of sets of mean differences between groups, Cohen uses the effect size d, where d = .20 is small, d = .50 is medium, and d = .80 is large.
Mean scores for both groups were in the poor insight/delusional range (a score of 18 or higher plus a score of 4 on item 1 [conviction] indicates that beliefs are delusional).
Of note, these scores are for the entire sample, regardless of whether subjects had a diagnosis of current major depressive disorder or current social phobia.
Includes eating disorder not otherwise specified.
Abbreviations: BABS = Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale, BDD-YBOCS = Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for BDD, HAM-D = Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, LIFE-RIFT = Range of Impaired Functioning Tool, Q-LES-Q = Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, SF-36 = Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey.