Table 3.
Odds ratios (ORs) of DSM-IV anxiety disorders by body mass index (BMI) category for males and females
| Male | Male Only | Female | Female Only | Interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overweight | Obese | F (df=2) | Overweight | Obese | F (df=2) | F (df=2) | |
| BMI=25.00–29.99 | BMI ≥ 30.00 | BMI=25.00–29.99 | BMI ≥ 30.00 | ||||
| Any anxiety disorder | |||||||
| Lifetime, OR | 1.10 | 1.35 | 10.57, p<.001 | 1.24 | 1.76 | 56.41, p <.001 | 6.23, p <.005 |
| (95% C.I.) | (0.96–1.25) | (1.18–1.53)* | (1.12–1.38)* | (1.58–1.96)* | |||
| Past Year, OR | 1.14 | 1.36 | 7.06, p <.005 | 1.26 | 1.79 | 42.17, p <.001 | 4.02, p <.050 |
| (95% C.I.) | (0.99–1.33) | (1.16–1.61)* | (1.11–1.43)* | (1.58–2.03)* | |||
| Generalized anxiety disorder | |||||||
| Lifetime, OR | 1.35 | 1.77 | 6.88, p <.005 | 1.29 | 2.00 | 30.04, p <.001 | 0.51, p =.604 |
| (95% C.I.) | (1.02–1.80)* | (1.30–2.40)* | (1.08–1.54)* | (1.67–2.39)* | |||
| Past Year, OR | 1.44 | 1.53 | 2.31, p =.107 | 1.27 | 2.02 | 13.40, p <.001 | 1.20, p =.309 |
| (95% C.I.) | (0.96–2.16) | (1.00–2.34) | (0.97–1.67) | (1.53–2.65)* | |||
| Panic disorder without agoraphobia | |||||||
| Lifetime, OR | 1.37 | 1.81 | 6.69, p <.005 | 1.17 | 1.72 | 17.66, p <.001 | 0.76, p =.474 |
| (95% C.I.) | (1.06–1.78)* | (1.30–2.50)* | (0.95–1.44) | (1.42–2.07)* | |||
| Past Year, OR | 1.54 | 1.64 | 2.42, p =.097 | 1.35 | 1.84 | 7.65, p =.001 | 0.60, p =.552 |
| (95% C.I.) | (1.01–2.34) | (0.96–2.79) | (1.00–1.81) | (1.35–2.52)* | |||
| Panic disorder with agoraphobia | |||||||
| Lifetime, OR | 1.28 | 1.30 | 0.49, p =.614 | 1.18 | 1.52 | 2.89, p =.063 | 0.36, p =.700 |
| (95% C.I.) | (0.75–2.19) | (0.70–2.42) | (0.86–1.63) | (1.07–2.16) | |||
| Past Year, OR | 1.21 | 1.69 | 0.81, p =.450 | 1.51 | 1.84 | 3.26, p <.050 | 0.27, p =.761 |
| (95% C.I.) | (0.61–2.42) | (0.74–3.84) | (0.95–2.39) | (1.12–3.01)* | |||
| Agoraphobia without panic disorder | |||||||
| Lifetime, OR | 0.48 | 0.55 | 0.85, p =.431 | 1.03 | 1.51 | 0.54, p =.585 | 0.90, p =.412 |
| (95% C.I.) | (0.15–1.55) | (0.14–2.20) | (0.38–2.79) | (0.65–3.53) | |||
| Past Year, OR | 0.57 | 0.47 | 0.28, p =.753 | 0.58 | 1.47 | 1.08, p <.345 | 0.50, p =.612 |
| (95% C.I.) | (0.09–3.65) | (0.05–4.69) | (0.10–3.33) | (0.36–5.96) | |||
| Social phobia | |||||||
| Lifetime, OR | 0.93 | 1.02 | 0.33, p =.723 | 1.27 | 1.70 | 16.12, p <.001 | 6.64, p <.005 |
| (95% C.I.) | (0.73–1.19) | (0.80–1.30) | (1.07–1.52)* | (1.41–2.06)* | |||
| Past Year, OR | 0.98 | 1.28 | 1.83, p =.169 | 1.37 | 1.81 | 12.11, p <.001 | 2.37, p =.101 |
| (95% C.I.) | (0.72–1.33) | (0.92–1.78) | (1.05–1.77)* | (1.42–2.30)* | |||
| Specific phobia | |||||||
| Lifetime, OR | 1.12 | 1.33 | 5.71, p <.010 | 1.30 | 1.74 | 38.33, p <.001 | 4.43, p <.050 |
| (95% C.I.) | (0.94–1.32) | (1.12–1.59)* | (1.16–1.47)* | (1.53–1.97)* | |||
| Past Year, OR | 1.12 | 1.32 | 3.39, p <.050 | 1.29 | 1.76 | 30.96, p <.001 | 3.21, p <.050 |
| (95% C.I.) | (0.92–1.35) | (1.07–1.64)* | (1.12–1.49)* | (1.53–2.03)* | |||
Wald F values report effect of BMI on likelihood of mood disorder within sex and the interaction of BMI and sex on likelihood of mood disorder. Odds ratios (ORs) obtained using normal weight as reference group. Normal weight and male gender are comparators for interactions. Analyses control for age, level of education, race/ethnicity, income, marital status, region of country, and urban vs. rural residence.
*
Indicates that Wald F is significant, and OR is significantly different from 1.00 within that gender.