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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Nurse Spec. 2008;22(4):192–200. doi: 10.1097/01.NUR.0000311708.40190.ca

Table 3. Asthma Risk Factors and Children's Asthma Morbidity.

Absenteeism Hospitalizations Emergency Department Visits



F df p X2 df p X2 df p

Asthma Severity 10.41 (1,155) .002 2.39 (1) .12 .82 (1) .37
SES (poor/middle class) 2.27 (1/148) .13 9.45 (1) .002 5.98 (1) .014
Gender 5.50 (1,155) .02 6.75 (1) .009 .01 (1) .92
Race/Ethnicity .93 (2,152) .40 6.63 (2) .036 4.70 (2) .10

Notes: F = F statistic (ANOVA), X2 = chi square statistic, df = degrees of freedom, p = significance