Table 1.
Patient demographics, diagnosis and characteristics by treatment cohort
| Parameter [statistic] | All patients | Olanzapine vs. non-olanzapine | Risperidone vs. non-risperidone | Haloperidol vs. non-haloperidol | ||||||
| OLZ | Non-OLZ | RIS | Non-RIS | HAL | Non-HAL | |||||
| (N = 558) | (N = 390) | (N = 168) | p-value | (N = 72) | (N = 486) | p-value | (N = 132) | (N = 426) | p-value | |
| Patient demographics | ||||||||||
| Gender (male), n (%) | 353 (63.3) |
237 (60.8) |
116 (69.0) |
0.068 | 46 (63.9) |
307 (63.2) |
0.923 | 93 (70.5) |
260 (61.0) |
0.053 |
| Age, median (range), y | 38 (18–93) |
37 (18–93) |
39 (19–84) |
0.068 | 40 (19–87) |
38 (18–93) |
0.081 | 39 (18–93) |
38 (18–90) |
0.223 |
|
Primary psychiatric diagnosisa (ranked according to overall frequency)b |
||||||||||
| Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (F20–F29), n (%) |
330 (59.1) |
215 (55.1) |
115 (68.5) |
0.003 | 50 (69.4) |
280 (57.6) |
0.057 | 92 (69.7) |
238 (55.9) |
0.005 |
| Disorders due to substance use (F10–F19), n (%) |
98 (17.6) |
69 (17.7) |
29 (17.3) |
0.902 | 7 (9.7) |
91 (18.7) |
0.061 | 23 (17.4) |
75 (17.6) |
0.962 |
| Mood (affective) disorders (F30–F39), n (%) |
88 (15.8) |
80 (20.5) |
8 (4.8) |
< .001 | 4 (5.6) |
84 (17.3) |
0.011 | 15 (11.4) |
73 (17.1) |
0.112 |
| Disorders of adult personality and behaviour (F60–F69), n (%) |
84 (15.1) |
67 (17.2) |
17 (10.1) |
0.032 | 10 (13.9) |
74 (15.2) |
0.767 | 4 (3.0) |
80 (18.8) |
< .001 |
| Organic, including symptomatic mental disorders (F00–F09), n (%) |
69 (12.4) |
39 (10.0) |
30 (17.9) |
0.010 | 14 (19.4) |
55 (11.3) |
0.051 | 19 (14.4) |
50 (11.7) |
0.418 |
| Otherc, N (%) | 57 (10.2) |
43 (11.0) |
14 (8.3) |
0.335 | 8 (11.1) |
49 (10.1) |
0.788 | 5 (3.8) |
52 (12.2) |
0.005 |
| Co-morbid substance use disorder (SUD) at baselineb | ||||||||||
| Nicotine, n (%) | 241 (43.2) |
172 (44.1) |
69 (41.1) |
0.507 | 28 (38.9) |
213 (43.8) |
0.430 | 50 (37.9) |
191 (44.8) |
0.159 |
| Alcohol, n (%) | 103 (18.5) |
68 (17.4) |
35 (20.8) |
0.343 | 11 (15.3) |
92 (18.9) |
0.456 | 25 (18.9) |
78 (18.3) |
0.871 |
| Illicit drugs, n (%) | 83 (14.9) |
59 (15.1) |
24 (14.3) |
0.798 | 9 (12.5) |
74 (15.2) |
0.544 | 24 (18.2) |
59 (13.8) |
0.222 |
| Type of behavioural emergency at baselineb | ||||||||||
| Self-endangering, n (%) | 264 (47.3) |
186 (47.7) |
78 (46.4) |
0.784 | 28 (38.9) |
236 (48.6) |
0.125 | 68 (51.5) |
196 (46.0) |
0.268 |
| Third party endangering, n (%) | 393 (70.4) |
266 (68.2) |
127 (75.6) |
0.079 | 57 (79.2) |
336 (69.1) |
0.082 | 108 (81.8) |
285 (66.9) |
0.001 |
| Agitation, n (%) | 408 (73.1) |
294 (75.4) |
114 (67.9) |
0.066 | 53 (73.6) |
355 (73.0) |
0.919 | 98 (74.2) |
310 (72.8) |
0.739 |
| Type of admission | ||||||||||
| Compulsory admission, n (%) | 238 (42.7) |
159 (40.8) |
79 (47.0) |
0.171 | 32 (44.4) |
206 (42.4) |
0.742 | 78 (59.1) |
160 (37.6) |
< .001 |
| Premature discontinuation, n (%) | 16 (2.9) |
9 (2.3) |
7 (4.2) |
0.223 | 3 (4.2) |
13 (2.7) |
0.465 | 6 (4.5) |
10 (2.3) |
0.188 |
a ICD-10 diagnostic groups are listed according to the frequency among all patients.
b Patients may have received more than one ICD-10 diagnosis or more than one behavioural disturbance.
c Behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence (F90–F98); behavioural syndromes associated with physiological disturbances and physical factors (F50–F59); neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (F40–F48); and mental retardation (F70–F79)
Abbreviations: OLZ = olanzapine, RIS = risperidone, HAL = haloperidol.