Table 3.

Comparative results of LLO production and purification by different investigators.

Source of LLO	Starter Culture volume (litre)	LLO yield (mg l-1) {Total yield (mg)}	Specific LLO haemolytic activity (HU per mg protein) pH 5.5	Expression host	Plasmid expression system/inducer (If applicable)	Reference
Culture supernatant	27	0.022 {0.6}	106 (pH 6)	Listeria monocytogenesa	N/A	[24]
Culture supernatant	3	1.6 {4.8}	1.02 × 106 (pH 5.7)	Listeria innocuab	pERL3-503 (constitutive)	[26]
Culture supernatant	6	0.25 {1.5}	2.6 × 105	LLO-hypersecretor Listeria monocytogenesa	N/A	[25]
Cell lysate	1	4.5 {4.5}	1.25 × 106	Escherichia colic	pET system/IPTG	[15]
Cell lysate	0.6	3.5 – 8 {2.1 – 4.8}	1.8 × 106	Escherichia colid	pQE31 system/IPTG	[14]
Cell lysate	0.6	2.5 {1.5}	2.16 × 106	Escherichia colie	pQE70 system/IPTG	[14]
Cell lysate	0.5	-Single sonication treatment: 4.43 – 5.9 {2.215 – 2.95} -Double sonication approach: 9.3 – 12.9 {4.65 – 6.45}	5 × 105 – 5 × 107	Lactococcus lactis NZ9000d	NICE system (pNZPnisA:CYTO-LLO)/nisin	This study

(N/A) not applicable; IPTG: Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside; a untagged native full-length LLO; b untagged full-length LLO; c untagged LLO without signal sequence; d N-terminus His-tagged LLO without signal sequence; e C-terminus His-tagged LLO without signal sequence