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. 2008 Aug 21;3(8):e3033. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003033

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Hase et al.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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AID^−/− and AID^+/+ mice were raised under germ-free (GF) or conventional (CV) conditions to examine whether the presence of gastric microflora affects the development of gastritis. (A) Histological examination of gastric tissues from AID^−/− and AID^+/+ mice maintained under GF condition. (B) Stomach weight and pathological score of gastritis were compared between AID^−/− mice in GF and CV conditions. (C) Cytokine expression levels in gastric tissues of AID^−/− and AID^+/+ mice under GF and CV conditions were measured by Q-PCR. The mRNA expression level of each cytokine was normalized to that of GAPDH.