Table 1.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic summary measures of 12 IU human soluble insulin, 12 U insulin lispro and 12, 6 and 3 IU ultra-fast insulin

Variable	Human soluble insulin (12 IU)	Insulin lispro (12 U)	Ultra-fast insulin (12 IU)	Ultra-fast insulin (6 IU)	Ultra-fast insulin (3 IU)
Pharmacokinetic
tC max+50% (min)	37 ± 22	26 ± 10	18 ± 18	7 ± 3	12 ± 13
tC max (min)	120 ± 70a	66 ± 34a	60 ± 43a	51 ± 48	54 ± 44
tC max−50% (min)	260 ± 105a	170 ± 39a	181 ± 76a	145 ± 59	126 ± 44
C max (pmol/l)	209 ± 51	437 ± 98	325 ± 142b	204 ± 71b	111 ± 33b
AUCINS 0–120 min ([nmol/l] × min)	13.8 ± 3.2	36.2 ± 7.9	26.9 ± 9.6b	17.3 ± 4.6b	9.0 ± 2.9b
AUCINS 0–480 min ([nmol/l] × min)	46.3 ± 15.2	68.4 ± 16.4	52.9 ± 14.8b	30.8 ± 8.4b	16.1 ± 6.5b
Pharmacodynamic
tGIRmax+50% (min)	66 ± 15c	51 ± 13c	33 ± 17c	35 ± 17	31 ± 14
tGIRmax (min)	193 ± 57d	152 ± 30d	136 ± 56d	115 ± 32	111 ± 41
tGIRmax−50% (min)	357 ± 67	295 ± 54	280 ± 60	270 ± 72	297 ± 113
GIRmax (mg kg−1 min−1)	10.4 ± 3.3	11.9 ± 2.5	11.5 ± 2.6e	9.1 ± 2.9e	6.5 ± 3.0e
AUCGIR 0–120 min (mg/kg)	580 ± 164f	781 ± 174f	915 ± 301f,e	718 ± 255e	524 ± 262e
AUCGIR 0–480 min (mg/kg)	2993 ± 1045	2977 ± 753	2991 ± 709e	2223 ± 717e	1597 ± 848e

To convert GIR in mg kg^–1 min^–1 to μmol kg^–1 min^–1 multiply by 5.5 To convert AUCGIR in mg/kg to mmol/kg multiply by 5.5

^aHuman soluble insulin>insulin lispro, ultra-fast insulin

^b12 IU>6 IU>3 IU

^cHuman soluble insulin>insulin lispro>ultra-fast insulin

^dHuman soluble insulin>insulin lispro>ultra-fast insulin

^e12 IU>6 IU>3 IU

^fInsulin lispro, ultra-fast insulin>human soluble insulin