TABLE 1.
The frequency distribution of cases and controls for selected variables
| Variable | Category | Cases (n=79) | Controls (n=324) | Total (n=403) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | ||
| Age group | 35-39 | 6 | 7.6 | 9 | 2.8 | 15 | 3.7 |
| 40-44 | 13 | 16.5 | 24 | 7.4 | 37 | 9.2 | |
| 45-49 | 18 | 22.8 | 121 | 37.3 | 139 | 34.5 | |
| 50-54 | 36 | 45.6 | 146 | 45.1 | 182 | 45.2 | |
| 55 years | 6 | 7.6 | 24 | 7.4 | 30 | 7.4 | |
| Gender | Male | 40 | 50.6 | 147 | 45.4 | 187 | 46.4 |
| Female | 39 | 49.4 | 177 | 54.6 | 216 | 53.6 | |
| Ethnic group | Maori | 18 | 22.8 | 25 | 7.7 | 43 | 10.7 |
| Pac. Islander | 1 | 1.3 | 3 | 0.9 | 4 | 1.0 | |
| Other | 60 | 75.9 | 296 | 91.4 | 356 | 88.3 | |
| Cigarettes | Never | 9 | 11.4 | 172 | 53.1 | 181 | 44.9 |
| Ever | 70 | 88.6 | 152 | 46.9 | 222 | 55.1 | |
| Pack-years* | Non-smoker | 9 | 11.4 | 172 | 53.1 | 181 | 44.9 |
| 1st quintile (<4.7) |
7 | 8.9 | 44 | 13.6 | 51 | 12.7 | |
| 2nd quintile (4.7-14) |
5 | 6.3 | 41 | 12.7 | 46 | 11.4 | |
| 3rd quintile (14.1-23.8) |
13 | 16.5 | 28 | 8.6 | 41 | 10.2 | |
| 4th quintile (23.9-34.5) |
23 | 29.1 | 22 | 6.8 | 45 | 11.2 | |
| 5th quintile (>34.5) |
22 | 27.8 | 17 | 5.2 | 39 | 9.7 | |
| Cannabis | Non-smoker | 58 | 73.4 | 285 | 88.0 | 343 | 85.1 |
| Smoker | 21 | 26.6 | 39 | 12.0 | 60 | 14.9 | |
| Joint-years** | Non-smoker | 58 | 73.4 | 285 | 88.0 | 343 | 85.1 |
| 1st tertile (<1.39) |
3 | 3.8 | 20 | 6.2 | 23 | 5.7 | |
| 2nd tertile (1.39-10.5) |
4 | 5.1 | 15 | 4.6 | 19 | 4.7 | |
| 3rd tertile (>10.5) |
14 | 17.1 | 4 | 1.2 | 18 | 4.5 | |
| Joint-years of use up to 5 years before reference date |
Non-smoker | 58 | 73.4 | 285 | 88.0 | 343 | 85.1 |
| <1.39 | 3 | 3.8 | 21 | 6.5 | 24 | 6.0 | |
| 1.39-10.5 | 6 | 7.6 | 14 | 4.3 | 20 | 5.0 | |
| >10.5 | 12 | 15.2 | 4 | 1.2 | 16 | 4.0 | |
| Age at onset of cannabis use |
Non-smoker | 58 | 73.4 | 285 | 88.0 | 343 | 85.1 |
| 12-16 years | 8 | 10.1 | 12 | 3.7 | 20 | 5.0 | |
| 17-20 years | 7 | 8.9 | 18 | 5.6 | 25 | 6.2 | |
| 21+ years | 6 | 7.6 | 9 | 2.8 | 15 | 3.7 | |
| Income $NZ | 0-25,000 | 31 | 39.2 | 46 | 14.2 | 77 | 19.1 |
| 25,001-40,000 | 13 | 16.5 | 57 | 17.6 | 70 | 17.4 | |
| 40,001-70,000 | 19 | 24.1 | 106 | 32.7 | 125 | 31.0 | |
| >70,000 | 16 | 20.3 | 110 | 34.0 | 126 | 31.3 | |
| Not provided | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1.5 | 5 | 1.2 | |
| Education§ | Pre Sch. Cert | 13 | 16.5 | 25 | 7.7 | 38 | 9.4 |
| School Cert | 29 | 36.7 | 76 | 23.5 | 105 | 26.1 | |
| Year 12,13 | 11 | 13.9 | 57 | 17.6 | 68 | 16.9 | |
| Tertiary | 26 | 32.9 | 166 | 51.2 | 192 | 47.6 | |
*
Pack-year: 1 pack of 20 tobacco cigarettes smoked per day for one year
**
Joint-year: 1 cannabis joint smoked per day for one year
§
School Cert: New Zealand Secondary School Certificate Examination (age 15,16), Year 12, 13 (age 17, 18) were previously Forms 6 and 7