Table 1.

Demographic features of 12 patients with IPA

Characteristic	Number of patients
Age in years (mean ± S.D.)	41.9 ± 9.5
Males (%)	87.5
Disease onset
Acute hepatic failure	0
Subacute hepatic failure	3
Chronic hepatic failure	9
Complications
Hepatic encephalopathy	5
Hepatorenal syndrome	3
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis	3
MELD score (median, range)	30 (22–51)
Antibiotic usage
Duration (days, mean ± S.D.)	23.1 ± 8.6
One antibiotic	5
Two antibiotics	4
Three or more antibiotics	3
Steroid exposure	9