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. 2008 Mar 6;116(8):1063–1070. doi: 10.1289/ehp.10497

Table 4.

Marginal structural model analysis of causal association between quarterly 1-hr maximum O3 concentrations (ppb) and hospital discharges for asthma, birth to 19 years of age: SoCAB 1983–2000.

MSM estimator Parameter estimate SE p-Value
G-computation 1.4 × 10−6 3.6 × 10−7 5.5 × 10−5
IPTWa 2.9 × 10−7 3.5 × 10−7 0.41
Bias due to ETA violation (%)a 76
a

ETA bias estimated using a diagnostic tool based on parametric bootstrap sampling from an estimated data-generating distribution to Wang et al. (2006).