Fig. 4.

Release of IL-8, IL-1Ra, and ATP from LL-37-treated fresh and AV⁺ neutrophils. Fresh neutrophils (open bars) at concentration of 5 × 10⁶/mL or 18-h-aged AV⁺ neutrophils (solid bars) at concentration of 5 × 10⁶/mL were treated with 0, 1, or 5 μM LL-37. After treatment for 10 min, the levels of IL-8 (a) and IL-1Ra (b) are similar to those measured in Figure 2. (c) ATP is released into the supernatant after treatment for 5 min; n = 4; *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001, versus untreated control of fresh neutrophils (open bars); ^#, P < 0.05; ^##, P < 0.01; ^###, P < 0.001, versus untreated control of AV⁺ cell (solid bars).