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Time averages of bending angles traced by (a) the α-helices and (b) the β-sheets of β-tubulin in the GDP-tubulin dimer. The instantaneous bending angles of each structural motif were measured by orienting each snapshot of the dynamic trajectory with respect to the straight structure of the dimer from the tubulin sheet, where the α-tubulin of the sheet was used as a reference for the orientation. Error bars were determined by calculating the standard deviation of the data.
