Figure 3.

Substituting external [Na⁺] with NMDG⁺ and Li⁺ has different effects on anoxia-induced K⁺ derangement. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus Cont; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 versus NMDG⁺. Note that substituting Na⁺ with NMDG⁺ greatly attenuated the anoxia-induced increase in peak [K⁺]e, the rate of rise of [K⁺]e to peak, and undershoot of potassium during reoxygenation, whereas low-Na⁺ perfusion by substituting with Li⁺ potentiated anoxia-induced increase in the rate of rise of [K⁺]e to peak and potassium undershoot during reoxygenation.