Fig. 3.

Dams rearing pups in restricted nesting material (ES) cages demonstrated increased anxiety in some but not other tests (n = 5 dams per group). In the open field task (A), percent time ES dams spent in the center of an open field chamber was significantly decreased (p < 0.05, t-test), without apparent alterations in freezing, licking and grooming behaviors (B). (C,D) Activities in the elevated plus maze were similar among control and ES dams; there were no differences in time spent on open vs. closed arms, nor in the number of arm entries., *p < 0.05; students t-test.