Table 3.
Dynamic Model of Transition (T) between Ownership Types
| Period | Occupancy | % Medicaid | RN Hours | LPN Hours | NA Hours | Deficiencies | G-Lvl Deficiencies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For-profit to nonprofit | |||||||
| T-5 | 0.355 (1.53) | 0.028 (0.21) | 0.057 (1.23) | −0.013 (0.29) | −0.031 (0.49) | −0.054 (1.92) | 0.205 (2.27) |
| T-3,4 | 0.325 (1.4) | −0.002 (0.01) | 0.036 (0.82) | −0.002 (0.05) | −0.017 (0.29) | 0.013 (0.46) | 0.186 (2.05) |
| T-1,2 | 0.235 (1.07) | −0.025 (0.21) | 0.056 (1.22) | 0.001 (0.03) | 0.023 (0.4) | 0.035 (1.26) | 0.208 (2.26) |
| T | 0.212 (0.99) | 0.027 (0.22) | 0.074 (1.6) | −0.003 (0.06) | 0.060 (0.94) | 0.014 (0.44) | 0.181 (1.94) |
| T+1,2 | 0.255 (1.15) | −0.019 (0.16) | 0.043 (0.95) | −0.004 (0.1) | 0.019 (0.32) | 0.013 (0.43) | 0.204 (2.23) |
| T+3,4 | 0.268 (1.18) | −0.092 (0.78) | 0.051 (1.05) | −0.008 (0.2) | 0.057 (0.92) | −0.019 (0.52) | 0.190 (2.07) |
| T+5+ | 0.295 (1.3) | −0.064 (0.5) | 0.037 (0.78) | 0.009 (0.21) | −0.042 (0.6) | −0.015 (0.39) | 0.186 (1.98) |
| Nonprofit to for-profit | |||||||
| T-5 | −0.270 (0.94) | −0.177 (1.07) | −0.079 (2.36) | −0.031 (0.96) | −0.087 (0.91) | 0.047 (1.6) | −0.037 (0.69) |
| T-3,4 | −0.436 (1.54) | −0.156 (0.96) | −0.068 (2.13) | −0.035 (1.13) | −0.073 (0.78) | 0.061 (1.96) | −0.038 (0.74) |
| T-1,2 | −0.531 (1.89) | −0.154 (0.95) | −0.050 (1.55) | −0.030 (0.99) | −0.084 (0.9) | 0.058 (1.98) | −0.006 (0.11) |
| T | −0.455 (1.65) | −0.169 (1.04) | −0.057 (1.75) | −0.032 (1) | −0.122 (1.28) | 0.056 (1.67) | −0.016 (0.32) |
| T+1,2 | −0.455 (1.64) | −0.124 (0.75) | −0.049 (1.46) | −0.020 (0.63) | −0.122 (1.28) | 0.036 (1.13) | −0.004 (0.08) |
| T+3,4 | −0.384 (1.37) | −0.072 (0.42) | −0.101 (2.92) | −0.015 (0.45) | −0.158 (1.66) | −0.055 (1.41) | −0.009 (0.17) |
| T+5+ | −0.392 (1.36) | 0.012 (0.07) | −0.120 (2.93) | −0.024 (0.62) | −0.170 (1.74) | −0.090 (2.3) | −0.009 (0.15) |
|
N |
194,556 |
194,556 |
192,300 |
192,217 |
190,515 |
192,445 |
194,556 |
|
Notes: Each column is a separate regression including the covariates listed in Table 1 along with nursing home and year fixed effects. Absolute values of the t-statistics are presented in parentheses. RN, registered nurse; LPN, licensed practical nurse; NA, nurse aide. | |||||||
| Period | Depression | Incontinence | Catheter | UTI | Weight Loss | Bedfast | ADL Decline |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For-profit to nonprofit | |||||||
| T-3 | −0.411 (1.95) | −0.063 (0.79) | −0.015 (0.05) | 0.053 (0.22) | 0.085 (0.51) | −0.174 (0.83) | −0.068 (1.15) |
| T-2 | −0.365 (1.76) | −0.050 (0.66) | −0.016 (0.06) | 0.046 (0.19) | 0.085 (0.51) | −0.198 (0.96) | −0.069 (1.20) |
| T-1 | −0.362 (1.75) | −0.050 (0.65) | −0.063 (0.22) | 0.048 (0.20) | 0.095 (0.57) | −0.114 (0.56) | −0.058 (1.03) |
| T | −0.383 (1.84) | −0.047 (0.61) | −0.059 (0.20) | 0.070 (0.29) | 0.076 (0.45) | −0.143 (0.69) | −0.088 (1.50) |
| T+1 | −0.402 (1.93) | −0.044 (0.57) | −0.083 (0.29) | 0.071 (0.29) | 0.055 (0.33) | −0.205 (0.97) | −0.072 (1.26) |
| T+2 | −0.330 (1.57) | −0.054 (0.69) | −0.077 (0.27) | 0.106 (0.43) | 0.055 (0.33) | −0.209 (0.99) | −0.068 (1.17) |
| T+3+ | −0.386 (1.77) | −0.058 (0.73) | −0.052 (0.18) | 0.073 (0.29) | 0.029 (0.17) | −0.196 (0.92) | −0.105 (1.71) |
| Nonprofit to for-profit | |||||||
| T-3 | 0.229 (0.77) | −0.037 (0.42) | 0.208 (0.71) | 0.304 (2.31) | 0.182 (1.86) | 0.011 (0.05) | 0.073 (0.52) |
| T-2 | 0.172 (0.59) | −0.065 (0.75) | 0.230 (0.79) | 0.307 (2.38) | 0.199 (2.07) | −0.016 (0.08) | 0.049 (0.35) |
| T-1 | 0.130 (0.44) | −0.059 (0.67) | 0.227 (0.77) | 0.324 (2.52) | 0.207 (2.21) | 0.036 (0.18) | 0.032 (0.23) |
| T | 0.126 (0.42) | −0.070 (0.81) | 0.245 (0.83) | 0.337 (2.59) | 0.186 (1.92) | 0.025 (0.12) | 0.025 (0.18) |
| T+1 | 0.107 (0.36) | −0.060 (0.69) | 0.242 (0.82) | 0.301 (2.34) | 0.191 (2.03) | 0.024 (0.12) | 0.006 (0.04) |
| T+2 | 0.104 (0.34) | −0.060 (0.70) | 0.230 (0.79) | 0.271 (2.10) | 0.203 (2.13) | 0.073 (0.36) | 0.017 (0.12) |
| T+3+ | 0.109 (0.35) | −0.093 (1.04) | 0.211 (0.72) | 0.258 (1.94) | 0.140 (1.43) | −0.101 (0.47) | −0.026 (0.18) |
|
N |
383,771 |
381,310 |
383,931 |
383,920 |
383,879 |
383,931 |
381,638 |
|
Notes: Each column is a separate regression including the covariates listed in Table 1 along with nursing home and year fixed effects. Absolute values of the t-statistics are presented in parentheses. UTI, urinary tract infection; ADL, activities of daily living. | |||||||
|
Period |
Range of Motion Loss |
Physical Restraint |
Pressure Ulcer, High Risk |
Pressure Ulcer, Low Risk |
|||
| For-profit to nonprofit | |||||||
| T-3 | −0.073 (0.76) | −0.314 (0.92) | −0.027 (0.18) | −0.086 (0.24) | |||
| T-2 | −0.081 (0.89) | −0.252 (0.74) | −0.018 (0.12) | −0.087 (0.25) | |||
| T-1 | −0.029 (0.33) | −0.222 (0.65) | −0.037 (0.26) | −0.171 (0.49) | |||
| T | −0.005 (0.05) | −0.239 (0.70) | −0.045 (0.31) | −0.237 (0.67) | |||
| T+1 | −0.040 (0.43) | −0.246 (0.72) | −0.059 (0.41) | −0.085 (0.24) | |||
| T+2 | −0.081 (0.86) | −0.166 (0.48) | −0.013 (0.09) | −0.084 (0.24) | |||
| T+3+ | −0.144 (1.47) | −0.178 (0.51) | −0.056 (0.38) | −0.173 (0.49) | |||
| Nonprofit to for-profit | |||||||
| T-3 | 0.333 (1.86) | 0.676 (1.88) | 0.190 (0.95) | 0.716 (2.85) | |||
| T-2 | 0.328 (1.87) | 0.510 (1.44) | 0.168 (0.85) | 0.702 (2.90) | |||
| T-1 | 0.323 (1.85) | 0.570 (1.61) | 0.174 (0.89) | 0.636 (2.57) | |||
| T | 0.283 (1.60) | 0.631 (1.77) | 0.177 (0.91) | 0.739 (2.92) | |||
| T+1 | 0.250 (1.44) | 0.663 (1.86) | 0.178 (0.90) | 0.725 (2.93) | |||
| T+2 | 0.269 (1.55) | 0.640 (1.79) | 0.178 (0.91) | 0.599 (2.38) | |||
| T+3+ | 0.217 (1.22) | 0.582 (1.57) | 0.111 (0.55) | 0.680 (2.61) | |||
| N | 382,230 | 383,927 | 380,051 | 378,163 | |||
Notes: All models include the covariates listed in Table 1 along with nursing home and year fixed effects. Absolute values of the t-statistics are presented in parentheses.