Table 1.

Baseline Costs ($), QALYs, Client Characteristics, and Utilization: Before and after Matching^*

	FFS versus DC			FFS versus MBHO
	FFS	DC	p-value†	FFS	MBHO	p-value
Mean costs
Before matching	4,820	4,524	.11	4,820	6,822	.02
After matching	4,820	4,805	.32	4,820	4,580	.42
Mean QALYs‡
Before matching	0.475	0.485	.10	0.475	0.482	.29
After matching	0.475	0.476	.78	0.474	0.474	.33
% Schizophrenia
Before matching	72.2	61.9	.05	72.2	65.1	.16
After matching	72.2	70.8	.68	72.2	72.2	1.00
% Bipolar
Before matching	21.2	30.7	.05	21.2	25.6	.33
After matching	21.2	22.5	.48	21.2	21.9	.56
Mean age
Before matching	43.4	42.3	.58	43.4	45.1	.32
After matching	43.4	43.4	.84	43.4	43.7	.86
% Men
Before matching	44.3	47.7	.54	44.3	49.7	.32
After matching	44.3	43.7	.78	44.3	45.0	.70
% Previous high cost client
Before matching	37.1	36.4	.89	37.1	31.8	.31
After matching	37.1	37.1	1.00	37.1	36.4	.32
% Using any service
Before matching	89.4	93.8	0.16	89.4	90.3	.80
After matching	89.4	89.4	1.00	89.4	89.4	1.00

^*Before matching: n =522, FFS (n =151), DC (n =176), MBHO (n =195); after matching: n =453 (n =151 in each group).

^†The tests conducted are nonparametric bootstrap Kolomogorov–Smirnov distributional tests.

^‡Note that QALY data were not available for eight cases before, and four cases after matching.

FFS, fee for service; DC, direct capitation; MBHO, managed behavioral health organization; QALY, quality-adjusted life year.