. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Aug 18.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2007 Jun 28;23(5):653–661. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.05.006

Table 1.

Mid foot force and pressure variables, walking speed and calcaneal BMD for controls and subjects with DM & PN

	Controls N = 29			DM & PN N = 22
	Left and right n = 58			Uninvolved feet n = 17			Involved feet n = 26
	Mean	99% CI (LL)	99% CI (UL)	Mean	99% CI (LL)	99% CI (UL)	Mean	99% CI (LL)	99% CI (UL)	P-value
Maximum
Vertical force (N)	53	30	76	134	18	249	318	209	428	0.00^a,^b,^c
% Body weight	7			13			30
Force time integral (N s)	16	8	24	55	1	110	153	89	218	0.00^b,^c
% Body weight	1.6			5.6			11.2
Peak pressure (N/cm²)	9	6	12	16	3	29	61	38	83	0.00^b,^c
Pressure time integral [(N/cm²) s]	3	2	4	7	1	12	29	16	42	0.00^a,^b,^c
Contact area (cm²)	12	8	16	18	9	27	24	18	31	0.01^b,^c
Contact time (ms)	412	337	487	586	404	768	789	609	969	0.00^a,^b,^c
Walking speed (m/min)	69	60	78	56	47	65	*	*	*	0.02^d
Calcaneal BMD (mg/cm²)	501	435	568	484	398	570	406	335	477	≤0.02^b

Mean, 99% Confidence Interval lower limit [CI (LL)]; 99% Confidence Interval upper limit [CI (UL)]. N represents number of subjects; n represents the number of feet involved in analyses. P-value is Bonferroni pairwise probability after an overall significant F ratio.

Control feet vs DM, PN uninvolved feet.

Control feet vs DM, PN involved feet.

Uninvolved feet vs Involved feet.

Two-tailed t-test for independent samples, alpha level 6≤0.05.