Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of TRIAD Participants by Baseline Walking Status
| Sample characteristics (N = 8,796) | Not walking at baseline (n = 2,861) | Walking at baseline (n = 5,935) | p value for difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age | <.0001 | ||
| 18–45 years (%) | 7.6 | 9.1 | |
| 45–64 years (%) | 46.5 | 51.0 | |
| ≥65 years (%) | 46.0 | 40.0 | |
| Race/ethnicity | <.0001 | ||
| African American (%) | 16.3 | 14.9 | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander (%) | 13.6 | 16.5 | |
| Latino (%) | 15.1 | 16.9 | |
| White (%) | 46.9 | 43.3 | |
| Other (%) | 8.1 | 8.5 | |
| Female (%) | 57.5 | 51.6 | <.0001 |
| BMI | <.0001 | ||
| <25 (%) | 14.9 | 16.8 | |
| 25–29 (%) | 28.9 | 33.3 | |
| ≥30 (%) | 56.2 | 50.0 | |
| Education | .0022 | ||
| <High school (%) | 22.2 | 19.9 | |
| High school graduate (%) | 30.9 | 29.5 | |
| Some college (%) | 47.0 | 50.6 | |
| Annual income | <.0001 | ||
| <$15,000 (%) | 26.7 | 22.1 | |
| $15,000–$39,999 (%) | 36.9 | 34.4 | |
| $40,000–$74,999 (%) | 23.4 | 27.2 | |
| >$75,000 (%) | 13.0 | 16.4 | |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| BMI | <.0001 | ||
| Normal weight (%) | 14.9 | 16.8 | |
| Overweight (%) | 28.9 | 33.3 | |
| Obese (%) | 56.2 | 50.0 | |
| Type of treatment | <.0001 | ||
| Controlled with diet and physical activity (%) | 7.9 | 7.8 | |
| Oral medications only (%) | 59.1 | 64.8 | |
| Insulin only (%) | 19.2 | 16.2 | |
| Insulin and oral medications (%) | 13.8 | 11.2 | |
| Pain symptoms at baseline (%) | 65.8 | 58.1 | <.0001 |
| Depressive symptoms at baseline (%) | 24.0 | 14.5 | <.0001 |
| Major comorbidity at baseline (%) | 13.6 | 9.3 | <.0001 |
| Neighborhood characteristics | |||
| Neighborhood crime is a problem (%) | 23.9 | 23.5 | .59 |
| Neighborhood trash and litter is a problem (%) | 9.4 | 8.5 | .29 |
| Local access to recreational facilities is a problem (%) | 15.7 | 11.5 | <.0001 |
| Neighborhood lighting at night is a problem (%) | 9.7 | 8.1 | .29 |