Table 2.
Significant Predictors and Risk Score Development for Undiagnosed Diabetes by Multivariate Logistic Regression
| Variable | Model 1* OR (95% CI) | Model 2* OR (95% CI) | Model 3* OR (95% CI) | Risk Score Points† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| 18–44 | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) | 1.0 (referent) | |
| 45–64 | 4.3 (2.7–9.4) | 4.0 (1.9–8.1) | 4.5 (2.2–9.5) | +2.5 |
| ≥65 | 6.7 (2.7–17) | 5.7 (2.5–13) | 7.2 (3.1–17) | +4 |
| Male sex | 2.4 (1.7–3.4) | 2.4 (1.7–3.3) | 2.4 (1.7–3.3) | +1.5 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1.0 (referent) | – | 1.0 (referent) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.4 (0.84–2.4) | – | 1.8 (1.2–2.9) | +1 |
| Mexican-American | 0.83 (0.43–1.6) | – | 1.3 (0.74–2.4) | |
| Other Hispanic | 1.1 (0.37–3.5) | – | 1.4 (0.58–3.6) | |
| Other/Multiracial | 1.7 (0.57–4.9) | – | 1.5 (0.51–4.4) | |
| Education level | ||||
| < High school | 1.3 (0.69–2.4) | – | – | |
| High school grad | 1.0 (referent) | – | – | |
| > High school | 0.84 (0.46–1.5) | – | – | |
| Income < $20,000/year | 1.3 (0.80–2.1) | – | – | |
| No exercise in past month | 1.3 (0.78–2.2) | 1.6 (1.1–2.4) | – | |
| BMI, kilograms/meters2 | ||||
| <20 | 0.53 (0.14–2.0) | – | – | |
| 20–24.9 | 1.0 (referent) | – | – | |
| 25–29.9 | 0.98 (0.54–1.8) | – | – | |
| ≥30 | 1.2 (0.61–2.5) | – | – | |
| Hypertension | 2.0 (1.2–3.1) | 2.0 (1.4–3.0) | 2.1 (1.4–3.1) | +1 |
| Waist circumference, ≥102 cm (M) or ≥88 cm (F) | 2.5 (1.6–3.9) | 3.5 (2.4–5.3) | 3.0 (1.9–4.6) | +1.5 |
| Triglycerides, ≥150 mg/dl | 1.7 (1.1–2.7) | – | 1.7 (1.1–2.5) | +1 |
| HDL, <40 mg/dl (M) or <50 mg/dl (F) | 1.8 (1.2–2.8) | – | 2.0 (1.3–3.0) | +1 |
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; BMI, body mass index (kilograms/meters2); cm, centimeters; M, male; F, female; HDL. high-density lipoprotein
Variables with < 0.10 on univariate analysis eligible for entry into models. Backward stepwise elimination used, < 0.05 considered significant. Categorical variables dummy coded using indicated reference groups. Only significant predictors listed were included in the final models
* Model 1, all eligible risk factor variables included; Model 2, significant predictors only for non-fasting variables (excluded triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein); Model 3, significant predictors only with all variables evaluated
†Risk points based on OR/1.8 (rounded to nearest 0.5 point). Risk stratification: 0–4.5 points = low risk (0.44% prevalence); 5–6.5 points = moderate risk (4.1% prevalence); ≥7.0 points = high risk (11.1% prevalence)