Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of New-onset DM Type 2 Patients in Four Dominant First-year Weight Trajectories
| Characteristic | Weight-change pattern | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Higher stable weight | Lower stable weight | Weight gain | Weight loss | P value* | |
| N | 757 | 2,236 | 664 | 478 | |
| Age, mean ± SD | 52.7 ± 9.7 | 57.7 ± 10.2 | 53.9 ± 9.7 | 55.9 ± 9.7 | <0.001† |
| Gender (% female) | 330 (43.6) | 1316 (58.9) | 258 (38.9) | 251 (52.5) | <0.001† |
| Baseline weight lbs, mean ± SD | 285.4 ± 43.1 | 194.2 ± 33.8 | 231.2 ± 39.4 | 235.8 ± 45.9 | <0.001 |
| Baseline BMI‡ | <0.001† | ||||
| BMI < 25 | 0 (0.0) | 171 (7.6) | 11 (1.7) | 7 (1.4) | |
| 25 ≤BMI < 30 | 8 (1.0) | 666 (29.8) | 119 (17.9) | 54 (11.3) | |
| 30 ≤BMI < 40 | 267 (35.3) | 1213 (54.3) | 378 (56.9) | 267 (55.9) | |
| BMI ≥ 40 | 482 (63.7) | 186 (8.3) | 156 (23.5) | 150 (31.4) | |
| Race-risk, n (%)§ | 31 (4.1) | 151 (6.8) | 46 (6.9) | 18 (3.8) | 0.006† |
| Income (% family income <$40K) | 151 (20.0) | 407 (18.2) | 136 (20.5) | 65 (13.6) | 0.02† |
| Smoking (current), n (%) | 134 (17.7) | 425 (19.0) | 162 (24.4) | 74 (15.5) | <0.001† |
| Medications, mean ± SD | 8.3 ± 5.5 | 7.8 ± 5.5 | 8.4 ± 6.1 | 7.4 ± 5.3 | 0.005† |
| Depression, n (%) | 121 (16.0) | 285 (12.8) | 106 (16.0) | 56 (11.7) | 0.02† |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 428 (56.5) | 1067 (47.7) | 307 (46.2) | 249 (52.1) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 165 (21.8) | 606 (27.1) | 153 (23.0) | 85 (17.8) | <0.001† |
| CVD (excluding CHF)║, n (%) | 78 (10.3) | 270 (12.1) | 80 (12.1) | 50 (10.5) | 0.48 |
| Microvascular disease, n (%) | 69 (9.1) | 155 (6.9) | 38 (5.7) | 30 (6.3) | 0.07 |
| Asthma/COPD/Arthritis,¶ n (%) | 219 (28.9) | 548 (24.5) | 182 (27.4) | 108 (22.6) | 0.03 |
*Comparison across all four groups (group patterns determined through cluster analysis)
†Comparison of weight-gain compared to weight-loss groups also significant at p < 0.05
‡BMI = body mass index
§Defined as Black/Hispanic/American Indian/Pacific Islander
║CVD = cardiovascular disease, CHF = congestive heart failure
¶Combined non-cardiovascular diagnoses that may interfere with activity; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)