Table 1.
Caregiver and Care Recipient Demographic and Initial Status Variables
| Demographics | PST (n=33) (mean ± SD) | Control (n=34) (mean ± SD) | Test | Effect | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caregivers | ||||||
| Age (y) | 51.4±11.1 | 50.8±13.3 | t65=−0.22* | .05 | ||
| Education (y) | 12.9±2.6 | 13.3±2.2 | t65=0.61* | −.15 | ||
| MMSE score | 29.2±1.3 | 28.4±1.8 | t65=−1.93* | .47 | ||
| Caregiving (mo) | 65.7±67.5 | 56.4±73.6 | t65=−0.54* | .13 | ||
| Supervision rating scale | 6.9±2.0 | 6.3±1.9 | t65=−1.41* | .34 | ||
| Depression (CES-D) | 21.5±12.4 | 16.7±11.8 | t65=−1.64* | .40 | ||
| Physical health (PILL) | 13.7±7.3 | 14.2±9.1 | t65=0.28* | −.07 | ||
| Burden | 32.9±11.9 | 32.5±9.6 | t65=−0.17* | .04 | ||
| Well-being (SWLS) | 16.0±8.4 | 21.1±7.8 | t65=2.58† | −.64 | ||
| Problem solving | ||||||
| PPO | 13.3±3.4 | 13.8±3.7 | t65=0.53* | −.13 | ||
| NPO | 14.0±8.0 | 11.5±7.9 | t65=−1.28* | .32 | ||
| RPS | 44.9±14.0 | 49.5±13.9 | t65=1.36* | −.34 | ||
| ICS | 12.4±7.9 | 9.1±6.5 | t65=−1.87* | .46 | ||
| AS | 7.9±5.4 | 5.3±4.6 | t65=−2.16† | .54 | ||
| Frequency | Rel. Frequency (%) | Frequency | Rel. Frequency (%) | |||
| Female | 29 | 88 | 34 | 100 | * | .25 |
| Race | * | .26 | ||||
| White | 31 | 94 | 26 | 85 | ||
| Black | 2 | 6 | 6 | 12 | ||
| Latino | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | ||
| Employment | * | .23 | ||||
| Unemployed | 23 | 70 | 16 | 47 | ||
| Employed full time | 8 | 24 | 14 | 41 | ||
| Employed part time | 2 | 6 | 4 | 12 | ||
| Help received in home | 5 | 15 | 5 | 15 | * | .01 |
| Care Recipients | ||||||
| Age (y) | 36.5 | 14.0 | 37.2 | 15.0 | t65=0.20* | −.05 |
| Education (y) | 11.9 | 2.8 | 11.9 | 2.4 | t65=−0.09* | .02 |
| MMSE score | 22.3 | 8.5 | 20.3 | 9.3 | t65=−0.91* | .23 |
| FIM score | 110.2 | 35.7 | 111.4 | 40.7 | t65=0.13* | −.03 |
| Day programs (h/wk) | 3.0 | 7.4 | 4.9 | 10.9 | t65=0.81* | −.20 |
| Female | 7 | 21 | 10 | 29 | * | .09 |
| Race | * | .22 | ||||
| White | 31 | 94 | 27 | 79 | ||
| Black | 2 | 6 | 6 | 18 | ||
| Latino | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | ||
| Employment | * | .07 | ||||
| Unemployed | 32 | 97 | 32 | 94 | ||
| Employed full time | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Employed part time | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 | ||
NOTE. P values for categorical variables are based on exact tests. Effect sizes for continuous variables are Cohen d values; effect sizes for categorical variables are ϕ coefficients (or Cramer V where appropriate).
Abbreviations: AS, avoidance style; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Depression Scale; ICS, impulsivity/carelessness style; MMSE, Mini-Mental Status Examination; NPO, negative problem orientation; PILL, Pennebaker Inventory for Limbic Lanquidness; PPO, positive problem orientation; RPS, rational problem solving; SD, standard deviation; SWLS, Satisfaction With Life Scale.
*
Not significant.
†
P<.05.