FIG. 4.

Metabolic phenotypes and risk of premature death. The relative risk of death for men and women was estimated against the expected sex-specific mortality in Finland. A–E: Five model phenotypes were constructed based on observations from Figs. 1–3. The models do not represent distinct clusters in the dataset, but they summarize the characteristics of patients around the highlighted area to make the discussion in relation to Figs. 2 and 3 easier. F: A high-risk region was highlighted for detailed comparisons of DKD categories (results are listed in text).