TABLE 4.

Comparison of frequency of CNDP1 five leucine/five leucine repeat genotype in case (patients with diabetic nephropathy) and control (individuals with diabetes) subjects in the three studies

Study	n	Percent of 5–5 in control subjects	Percent of 5–5 in case subjects	OR* (5–5 as reference)
Janssen et al. (9): type 1 and type 2 diabetes**	242	43	27	2.0 (1.17–3.42)
Freedman et al. (12): type 2 diabetes	600	39	29	1.5 (1.07–2.13)
Wanic et al. (current study): type 1 diabetes	1,269	33	30	1.1 (0.89–1.43)

^*95% CIs are provided in parenthesis, and ORs calculated for the protective effect.

^**Including 57 patients with type 1 and 185 with type 2 diabetes. 5–5, five leucine/five leucine repeat genotype.