TABLE 3—
Correlates of Rearrest on All Charges/Drug Charges, Reported Drug Dealing, and Heavy Use of Hard Drugs: Adolescent Males, New York City, 1997–2002
| Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rearrested on Any Chargea | Rearrested on Drug Chargesb | Reported Drug Dealingc | Heavy Use of Hard Drugsd | |
| Hispanic (vs not) | 1.70 (1.02, 2.83)* | 1.09 (0.61, 1.94) | 0.72 (0.32, 1.63) | 4.65 (0.87, 24.80) |
| No. of previous arrests | 1.14 (1.05, 1.24)** | 1.06 (0.98, 1.14) | 1.12* (1.01, 1.24) | 0.96 (0.77, 1.20) |
| Socioeconomic characteristics | ||||
| Experienced homelessness since release | 1.42 (0.42, 4.83) | 1.52 (0.48, 4.78) | 2.88 (0.60, 13.73) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
| Have child at home since release | 0.675 (0.23, 2.00) | 0.49 (0.09, 2.71) | 0.92 (0.15, 5.77) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
| Have had some jobs since release, formal or informal | 0.33 (0.17, 0.64)*** | 0.71 (0.33, 1.52) | 1.50 (0.59, 3.85) | 0.07 (0.01, 0.91)* |
| Weekly salary since release (increments of $100, up to $500) | 1.11 (0.89, 1.39) | 0.94 (0.73, 1.22) | 0.55 (0.37, 0.82)** | 0.60 (0.06, 6.03) |
| Have income or benefits from government sources since release | 1.63 (0.51, 5.18) | 5.60 (1.60, 19.56)** | 1.09 (0.18, 6.46) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
| Have income from illegal activity since release | 8.96 (3.62, 22.16)*** | NA | NA | 8.70 (0.45, 168.14) |
| Substance abuse | ||||
| Used coke, crack, or heroin prior to index arrest | 1.73 (0.78, 3.79) | 1.29 (0.56, 2.98) | 0.58 (0.14, 2.42) | 38.47 (5.39, 274.73)*** |
| Reported some drug- or alcohol-related physical problems since release | 1.47 (0.49, 4.36) | 1.59 (0.37, 6.86) | 0.79 (0.09, 7.09) | NA |
| Reported some drug- or alcohol-related social problems since release | 3.43 (1.23, 9.55)* | 0.69 (0.17, 2.84) | 0.26 (0.03, 2.22) | NA |
| Used cocaine, crack, or heroin since release | 0.80 (0.20, 3.30) | 1.27 (0.25, 6.55) | 3.19 (0.33, 31.43) | NA |
| Used marijuana since release | 0.36 (0.22, 0.58)*** | 0.45 (0.25, 0.81)** | 0.35 (0.15, 0.80)** | 8.84 (0.96, 81.67) |
| No. of occasions having ≥5 drinks in 3-mo period since release | 0.97 (0.89, 1.05) | 1.02 (0.93, 1.12) | 0.89 (0.72, 1.11) | 1.05 (0.91, 1.21) |
| Health/trauma | ||||
| Reported physical health problems (other than STIs) prior to index arrest | 0.88 (0.53, 1.46) | 0.73 (0.41, 1.31) | 0.61 (0.28, 1.37) | 0.96 (0.19, 4.83) |
| Reported STIs prior to index arrest | 0.39 (0.11, 1.33) | 0.28 (0.04, 1.95) | 4.07 (0.83, 20.05) | 1.08 (0.05, 24.22) |
| Reported mental health problems prior to index arrest | 0.98 (0.49, 1.93) | 0.92 (0.41, 2.05) | 1.21 (0.41, 3.54) | 2.06 (0.24, 17.62) |
| Reported physical health problems (other than STIs) since release | 1.79 (0.97, 3.32) | 0.93 (0.46, 1.89) | 2.28 (1.00, 5.20)* | 0.95 (0.12, 7.41) |
| Reported STIs since release | 2.04 (0.39, 10.83) | 0.57 (0.07, 4.48) | 0.31 (0.04, 2.63) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
| Reported mental health problems since release | 2.88 (0.87, 9.57) | 2.67 (0.81, 8.88) | 2.96 (0.79, 11.16) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
| Have had health insurance since release | 0.31 (0.18, 0.54)*** | 0.09 (0.03, 0.24)*** | 0.57 (0.23, 1.38) | 1.21 (0.19, 7.60) |
| Have needed health care and been unable to obtain since release | 0.52 (0.19, 1.41) | 0.78 (0.23, 2.72) | 1.98 (0.56, 7.03) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
| Been hit or slapped since release | 2.12 (0.78, 5.75) | 1.17 (0.40, 3.44) | 2.09 (0.63, 6.88) | 2.96 (0.01, 1686.19) |
| Social support | ||||
| Have had close relationship since release | 1.41 (0.71, 2.89) | 3.02 (1.05, 8.73)* | 1.21 (0.36, 4.04) | 1.01 (0.12, 8.75) |
| Frequency of family support since release | ||||
| Almost always | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| Never/rarely | 0.65 (0.24, 1.82) | 0.73 (0.17, 3.09) | 0.68 (0.13, 3.44) | 5.40 (0.39, 75.26) |
| Some of the time | 1.15 (0.65, 2.03) | 1.13 (0.60, 2.14) | 0.58 (0.23, 1.48) | 0.19 (0.03, 1.36) |
| Live with someone who abuses drugs or alcohol | 2.53 (0.70, 9.44) | 0.18 (0.02, 1.56) | 0.44 (0.04, 4.70) | 67.65 (5.38, 850.39)*** |
| Close contacts who work regularly or attend school | ||||
| None | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) | (Reference) |
| Many | 3.21 (1.60,6.43) | 1.74 (0.75, 4.04) | 2.06 (0.61, 6.94) | 5.63 (0.26, 123.35) |
| A few | 1.08 (0.57, 2.05)*** | 1.01 (0.45, 2.29) | 1.97 (0.61, 6.35) | 4.92 (0.33, 73.48) |
| Have experienced serious problems getting along with others since release | 0.75 (0.43, 1.30) | 1.39 (0.75, 2.57) | 2.64 (1.16, 6.05)* | 0.16 (0.03, 1.05) |
| Service participation (since release) | ||||
| Eligible for additional Health Link support | 1.15 (0.72, 1.85) | 0.93 (0.54, 1.61) | 1.13 (0.54, 2.37) | 1.46 (0.30, 7.26) |
| Received education/training | 0.95 (0.53, 1.69) | 1.36 (0.68, 2.72) | 2.10 (0.88, 5.02) | 0.91 (0.11, 7.48) |
| Received drug treatment | 0.67 (0.23, 1.95) | 0.93 (0.30, 2.91) | 1.40 (0.41, 4.78) | 1.07 (0.03, 44.68) |
| Participated in self-help programs | 0.85 (0.25, 2.92) | 1.76 (0.51, 6.11) | 2.47 (0.60, 10.17) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
| Had mental health/counseling services since release | 1.92 (0.48, 7.70) | 1.62 (0.45, 5.90) | 1.12 (0.22, 5.67) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
| Statistics | ||||
| Omnibus test of model coefficients, χ2 (P) | 182.74 (.000) | 91.14 (.000) | 109.04 (.000) | 79.92 (.000) |
| Nagelkerke R 2 | .43 | .29 | .41 | .59 |
Note. NA = not applicable; STI = sexually transmitted infection.
aRate of rearrest on any charge was 47% for adolescent males.
bRate of rearrest of drug changes was 21% for adolescent males.
cRate of reported drug dealing was 13% for adolescent males.
dRate of heavy use of hard drugs was 4% for adolescent males.
*P ≤.05; **P ≤.01; ***P ≤.001.