Distribution of amino acid substitutions in the 13 mtDNA-encoded proteins in Homo sapiens and between Mus musculus domesticus and Mus terricolor. The graph represents the fraction of total observed polymorphisms for each protein, corrected for the number of amino acids in each protein. The human data are calculated from the non-synonymous substitutions tabulated by Moilanen and Majamaa (2003) from 840 complete human mtDNA sequences. The two mouse species show relatively greater differences for the complex I subunits ND2, ND4, ND5 and ND6, with similar or lower differences in most other proteins, in particular for ATP8 and ATP6.