Table 1.

Effect of lead exposure on vasoactive factors

Vasoactive Factor	Effect
Adrenergic system
Plasma norepinephrine	Increase
Plasma dopamine	No change
Vascular β−receptor	Decrease
Kidney β−receptor	Increase
ET system
Plasma ET	Increase
Urine ET	Increase
RAS
Intrarenal ANG II	Increase
Plasma RAS activity	Transient increase
PG production
Urinary thromboxane metabolite	Increase
Urinary prostacyclin metabolite	Decrease
Phospholipase A activity:	Increased
ANP
ANP production	Decrease

ET, endothelin; RAS, renin-angiotensin system; ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide.