Growth of TA441 and gene disruption mutants with testosterone (a) or cholic acid (b) as the sole carbon source. The genes were disrupted by the insertion of a kanamycin resistance-encoding gene. Each strain was grown in 10 ml of C medium supplemented with 0.1% (wt/vol) testosterone (TA441, ▪; ORF6 disruption mutant, ▵; ORF7 disruption mutant, ▴; ORF8 disruption mutant, •; ORF9 disruption mutant, ○). Growth is represented by CFU counts. The data shown are averages of more than three experiments.