VopB2 and VopD2 localize to the host cell membrane. Caco-2 cells were infected with V. parahaemolyticus mutant strains for 3 h and subjected to subcellular fractionation by differential centrifugation. The fractions analyzed were the host cell cytosol (Host cytosol) and host cell membranes (Host membrane). The strains used were POR-2 (vcrD1 deletion mutant) (lanes 1 and 7), POR-2 ΔvopB2 (vcrD1 vopB2 mutant) (lanes 2 and 8), POR-2 ΔvopB2(pvopB2) (vcrD1 vopB2 strain expressing VopB2) (lanes 3 and 9), POR-2 ΔvopD2 (vcrD1 vopD2 mutant) (lanes 4 and 10), POR-2 ΔvopD2(pvopD2) (vcrD1 vopD2 strain expressing VopD2) (lanes 5 and 11), and POR-2 ΔvcrD2 (vcrD1 vcrD2 deletion mutant) (lanes 6 and 12). Blots were probed with anti-VopB2 (αVopB2), anti-VopD2 (αVopD2), antitubulin (αTubulin) (host cell cytosol marker), and anticalnexin (αCalnexin) (host cell membrane marker) antibodies.