Anaerobic growth curves of V. fischeri TMAO reductase mutants. Wild-type V. fischeri and the derived TMAO mutant strains were grown in MS (A), MS with glucose (B), and LBS (rich medium) (C), all containing 40 mM TMAO, or in LBS containing 4 mM TMAO (D). Each point corresponds to the average of three independent replicates. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. One representative experiment of three is shown. □, V. fischeri ES114 (wild type); ×, V. fischeri AKD803 (ΔtorECA ΔtorYZ); •, V. fischeri AKD804 (ΔtorECA ΔdmsABC); ▪, V. fischeri AKD805 (ΔtorYZ ΔdmsABC); ○, V. fischeri AKD806 (ΔtorECA ΔtorYZ ΔdmsABC). OD595, optical density at 595 nm.