FIG. 1.

GroupScanning analysis (10) of VH24 against reference groups of nonrecombinant HBV sequences of human genotypes A to H and nonhuman ape-derived variants (chimpanzee/gibbon) (n = 288), incorporating all HBV sequences used for recombination detection in the Huy et al. study (3). Association values of approximately 0.5 or lower indicate an outgroup position or no phylogenetic clustering with a reference group. Analysis of previously described Vietnamese variants (AF241407 to AF241409) produced almost identical results (data not shown).