Hydrogen bonds in the β-bulge region. The main-chain atoms of strands C and C’ are depicted by a ball-and-stick model. Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms are colored white, yellow, blue, and red, respectively. Main-chain hydrogen bonds between strands C and C’ are indicated by dotted lines. The β-bulge, formed by Glu 45 and Ile 46, disrupts the hydrogen bonding pattern between strands C and C’.