Figure 4. Adaptation of the molinate PHAIA into dipstick format.

Dipstick assay for molinate using phage borne peptides. a) Theoretical representation of competitive (dotted line) and noncompetitive (solid line) immunoassays, and their adaptation into dipstick format. Notice that even in the case that both assays have equal sensitivity, the change in signal obtained in the noncompetitive format is much more convenient to detect trace amounts of analyte by naked eye visualization. b) Capture antibody titration. Different amounts of MoAb 14D7 (ranging from 2–0.03 μg) spotted onto nitrocellulose strips were incubated with 10¹⁰ phage particles/ml bearing the peptides 1M or mA in the presence (+) or absence (−) of 50 ng/ml of molinate. c) Dipstick assay set up with 20, 10 or 5 ng of MoAb 14D7 and clone 1M (10¹⁰ phage particles/ml) in the range of 0 to 80 ng/ml of molinate.