Table 1.
Education level, monthly income, scores on MANSA quality of life-scale, and Lasarus-Folkman’s coping strategy rating (mean±SD) in war veterans with (n = 50) or without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (n = 50) in Bosnia and Herzegovina
| Variable | Group |
P* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PTSD | non-PTSD | ||
| Years of formal education | 10.66 ± 1.83 | 12.36 ± 2.64 | 0.007 |
| Monthly income per household member (€) | 67.78 ± 51.28 | 281.27 ± 208.23 | <0.001 |
| Trauma exposure: | |||
| exposure to war trauma (frequency of traumatic events of any kind) | 244.80 ± 64.85 | 248.36 ± 75.99 | 0.687 |
| exposure to secondary trauma after the war | 3.82 ± 5.66 | 1.28 ± 4.67 | <0.001 |
| MANSA QOL scale:† | |||
| satisfaction wit financial situation | 2.74 ± 1.04 | 5.44 ± 1.05 | <0.001 |
| satisfaction with social life and functioning | 3.27 ± 0.98 | 5.48 ± 0.99 | <0.001 |
| satisfaction with family life | 4.76 ± 1.30 | 5.49 ± 0.75 | <0.001 |
| satisfaction with sexual life | 3.86 ± 1.44 | 6.22 ± 1.13 | <0.001 |
| satisfaction with health | 3.18 ± 1.06 | 6.22 ± 0.89 | <0.001 |
| general satisfaction with life | 3.38 ± 0.76 | 5.82 ± 0.74 | <0.001 |
| Maladaptive coping strategies:‡ | |||
| distancing | 2.03 ± 0.72 | 0.49 ± 0.47 | <0.001 |
| self-control | 1.50 ± 1.50 | 1.02 ± 0.65 | 0.002 |
| taking responsibility | 1.92 ± 0.60 | 0.44 ± 0.58 | <0.001 |
| avoidance | 1.89 ± 0.78 | 0.07 ± 0.18 | <0.001 |
| positive evaluation | 0.83 ± 0.96 | 0.38 ± 0.61 | 0.027 |
| Adaptive coping strategies:‡ | |||
| distancing | 0.65 ± 0.83 | 2.46 ± 0.63 | <0.001 |
| social support | 0.66 ± 0.94 | 2.2 ± 0.70 | <0.001 |
| taking responsibility | 2.24 ± 0.69 | 1.96 ± 0.49 | <0.001 |
| planning (problem solving) | 0.80 ± 0.77 | 2.10 ± 0.50 | <0.001 |
| positive evaluation | 0.67 ± 0.77 | 2.42 ± 0.62 | <0.001 |
*Mann-Whitney U statistics.
†Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (39) – Likert-type scale with scores from 1 to 7; a higher score is reflecting a higher quality of life.
‡Folkman-Lazarus Coping Strategies Scale (40) – Likert type scale with scores from 0 to 3; a higher score reflecting the higher frequency of the use of coping strategies.