Schematic representation of Aquifex aeolicus tmRNA secondary structure and of some of the variants designed and produced. The empty black circles are the nucleotides, the bars are the Watson–Crick pairings, and the stars are the wobble GU pairs. Dark circles mark the open reading frame. The RNA variants are the TLD (63 nt, red), TLD–H5 (114 nt, light blue), H2–PK1 (39 nt, dark blue), PK2/3/4 (179 nt, purple), ORF–PK2/3/4 (211 nt, orange), and tmRNAΔTLD (242 nt, green). The complete list of the RNA variants produced is listed on Table 2.