Figure 9.

Error landscapes. 3D plots of error landscapes created by Mesh searches in the solution space of the pacemaker neuron model. (A) uses Equation (1) to calculate the error values; (B) uses Equation (2). Remark that the deep blue region in panel A has become dark red in panel B. The view angle of both plots is chosen differently to allow a better view of the 3D landscapes. The black arrows indicate the location of the optimal solution. The red arrow points to the position of a local minimum that created problems for the ES algorithm.