Table 1.
Reports of high-dose epinephrine injections (1:1,000) into fingers.
| Author | Year | Number of Cases | Treatment | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deshmukh N [6] | 1989 | 1 | Phentolamine 1 mg | No digital necrosis |
| Maguire WM. [17] | 1990 | 1 | Phentolamine 0.5 mg | No digital necrosis |
| McCauley WA. [18] | 1991 | 1 | Phentolamine 1.5 mg, nitropaste, warm compresses | No digital necrosis |
| Hinterberger JW. [10] | 1994 | 1 | Phentolamine 0.5 mg | No digital necrosis |
| Claudy FR. [4] | 1995 | 1 | Nitropaste and plastic wrap | Epithelial peeling, but no digital necrosis |
| Hardy SJ. [8] | 1995 | 1 | Phentolamine 2 mg, warm soaks | No digital necrosis |
| Ahearn MA. [1] | 1998 | 1 | Phentolamine 1 mg/kg | No digital necrosis |
| Kaspersen J. [11] | 1998 | 1 | Nitropaste, hot water | No digital necrosis |
| ElMaraghy MW [7] | 1998 | 6 | Phentolamine 0.5 mg | No digital necrosis |
| Nitropaste, hot compresses | No digital necrosis | |||
| Oral nifedipine | No digital necrosis | |||
| Phentolamine 1.5 mg | No digital necrosis | |||
| No treatment | No digital necrosis | |||
| Phentolamine 4.5 mg | No digital necrosis | |||
| Sellens C. [22] | 1999 | 1 | Nitropaste, phentolamine 0.5 mg | No digital necrosis |
| Stier PA. [24] | 1999 | 3 | Terbutaline 1 mg, nitropaste | No digital necrosis |
| Terbutaline 1 mg, nitropaste, warm compresses | No digital necrosis | |||
| Terbutaline 1 mg | No digital necrosis | |||
| Barkhordarian AR. [3] | 2000 | 1 | Iloprost | No digital necrosis |
| Khairalla E. [12] | 2001 | 1 | Phentolamine, calcium channel blocker | No digital necrosis |
| Mrvos R. [19] | 2002 | 28 | Phentolamine—two cases | No digital necrosis in any of the cases. |
| Terbutaline—one case | ||||
| Unknown—two cases | ||||
| No treatment—23 cases | ||||
| Velissariou I. [28] | 2004 | 3 | Nitropaste, warm compresses | No digital necrosis |
| No treatment | No digital necrosis | |||
| Phentolamine 1.5 mg | No digital necrosis | |||
| Turner MJ [27] | 2004 | 1 | Phentolamine 0.5 mg, warm soaks | No digital necrosis |
| Schintler MV [21] | 2005 | 1 | No treatment | No digital necrosis |
| Setnik L. [23] | 2005 | 1 | No treatment | No digital necrosis |
| Fitzcharles-Bowe (this paper) | 2005 | 5 | No treatment | No digital necrosis |
| Total cases | 59 | No digital necrosis |