Reagents and conditions: (a) NaH, DMF/THF, 4-CN-PhCH2Br, 0–25 °C, 12 h; (b) NaH, DMF, 1,3-dibromopropane, 0–25 °C, 6 h; (c) NaH, DMF, carbazole, 0–25 °C, 12 h; (d) For 21: NaH, DMF, indole, rt, 16 h; For 22: benzotriazole, DMF, K2CO3, rt, 12 h; For 23: imidazole, KOH, THF, 85 °C, 16 h; (e) NaH, DMF/THF, 1- or 2-bromomethyl naphthalene, 0–25 °C, 12 h.