Table 1.
Possible causes of hyphaema
| Ocular conditions | |
|---|---|
| Iris abnormalities | Inflammatory/infectious diseases |
| • Microhaemangiomas | • Uveitis |
| • Malign/benign tumours | • Microbial cheratitis |
| • Neovascularization | • HZV infection |
| • Persistent pupillary membrane | |
| Other ocular causes | Surgery (late complication) |
|---|---|
| • Pseudoexfoliation syndrome | • Swan syndrome |
| • Retrolental fibroplasias | • UGH syndrome |
| • Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous | • Iris supported IOL |
| • Retinoschisis | |
| • Acute primary closed-angle glaucoma |
| Systemic conditions | |
|---|---|
| Haematological alterations | Rheumatological disorders |
| • Sickle cell disease | • Reiter's syndrome |
| • Acute lymphoblastic/myelocytic leukaemia | • Ankylosing spondylitis |
| • Lymphomas | |
Spontaneous hyphaemas have been linked to many ocular and extraocular conditions (see text for details). HZV, herpes zoster virus; UGH, uveitis-glaucoma-hyphaema; IOL, intraocular lens.