RAS2 is required for haploid invasive growth and FRE-dependent transcription. (A) Yeast strains YHUM114 (control), YHUM108 (ras1), YHUM120 (ras2), YHUM184 (ste20), YHUM143 (ste12), and YHUM145 (tec1) were patched on SC-Leu medium. After incubation the plate was photographed before (Total growth) and after (Invasive growth) washing the cells of the plate. (B) FRE(Ty1)::lacZ expression levels. β-Galactosidase activity was measured on the strains shown in A. Units are nanomoles per minute per milligram. Bars depict means of three independent measurements.